<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Askew, Robert L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jiseon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung, Hyewon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehde, Dawn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, George H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Salene M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Kurt L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain affects depression through anxiety, fatigue, and sleep in multiple sclerosis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabil Psychol</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anxiety Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depressive Disorder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sleep Wake Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys and Questionnaires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: Over a quarter million individuals in the United States have multiple sclerosis (MS). Chronic pain and depression are disproportionately high in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between chronic pain and depression in MS and to examine potentially meditational effects of anxiety, fatigue, and sleep. METHOD: We used cross-sectional data from self-reported instruments measuring multiple symptoms and quality of life indicators in this study. We used structural equation modeling to model direct and indirect effects of pain on depression in a sample of 1,245 community-dwelling individuals with MS. Pain interference, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were modeled as latent variables with 2 to 3 indicators each. The model controlled for age, sex, disability status (Expanded Disability Status Scale), and social support. RESULTS: A model with indirect effects of pain on depression had adequate fit and accounted for nearly 80% of the variance in depression. The effects of chronic pain on depression were almost completely mediated by fatigue, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Higher pain was associated with greater fatigue, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, which in turn were associated with higher levels of depression. The largest mediating effect was through fatigue. Additional analyses excluded items with common content and suggested that the meditational effects observed were not attributable to content overlap across scales. CONCLUSION: Individuals living with MS who report high levels of chronic pain and depressive symptoms may benefit from treatment approaches that can address sleep, fatigue, and anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodakowski, Juleen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skidmore, Elizabeth R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Stewart J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begley, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhule, Olive D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boninger, Michael L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Additive effect of age on disability for individuals with spinal cord injuries.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age of Onset</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow-Up Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Injury Severity Score</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Length of Stay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quadriplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1076-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To examine the additive effect of age on disability for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: SCI Model Systems. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with SCI (median age at injury, 32 y; range, 6-88 y) with a discharge motor FIM score and at least 1 follow-up motor FIM score who also provided measures of other covariates (N=1660). Of the total sample, 79% were men, 72% were white, 16% had incomplete paraplegia, 33% had complete paraplegia, 30% had incomplete tetraplegia, and 21% had complete tetraplegia. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary study outcome was the motor subscale of the FIM. A mixed-models approach was used to examine the additive effect of age on disability for individuals with SCI. RESULTS: When controlling for motor FIM at discharge from rehabilitation, level and severity of injury, age at injury, sex, race, and the age &amp;times; time interaction were not significant (P=.07). Age at the time of SCI was significantly associated with motor FIM (F1,238=22.49, P&amp;lt;.001). Two sensitivity analyses found significant interactions for both age &amp;times; time (P=.03, P=.02) and age &amp;times; time-square (P=.01, P=.006) models. Trajectory of motor FIM scores is moderated slightly by age at the time of injury. The older participants were at the time of injury, the greater the curvature and the more rapid decline were found in later years. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that age moderately influences disability for some individuals with SCI: the older the age at the time of injury, the greater the influence age has on disability. The findings serve as an important empirical foundation for the evaluation and development of interventions designed to augment accelerated aging experienced by individuals with SCI.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Amanda E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMullen, Kara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carter, Gregory T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Symptom burden in persons with myotonic and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Memory Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myotonic Dystrophy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prognosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severity of Illness Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sickness Impact Profile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vision Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-95</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: This study examines the prevalence of pain, fatigue, imbalance, memory impairment, and vision loss in persons with myotonic and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and their association with functioning. DESIGN: A survey (N = 170) included measures of severity (0-10 scales) and course of these symptoms as well as measures of social integration, home competency, mental health, and productive activity. Descriptive and regression analyses examined the associations between symptoms and functioning. RESULTS: Fatigue (91%), imbalance (82%), and pain (77%) were the most commonly reported. The most severe symptom was fatigue (mean &amp;plusmn; SD severity, 5.14 &amp;plusmn; 2.81), followed by imbalance (4.95 &amp;plusmn; 3.25). Symptoms were most likely to stay the same or worsen since onset. Controlling for potential medical and demographic confounds, symptoms were associated with 17% of the mental health variance, 10% of home competency, 10% of social integration, 16% of productive activity for myotonic dystrophy type 1, and 12% of productive activity for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Pain, fatigue, and imbalance are common in persons with muscular dystrophy. Interventions may be useful to mitigate their impact on functioning. Further research should examine these relationships to guide clinical practices.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedly, Janna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akuthota, Venu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patrick, Donald</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why disability and rehabilitation specialists should lead the way in patient-reported outcomes.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient Outcome Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient-Centered Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Report</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1419-22</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kratz, Anna L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsh, Adam T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehde, Dawn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acceptance of pain in neurological disorders: associations with functioning and psychosocial well-being.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabil Psychol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabil Psychol</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depressive Disorder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Illness Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscular Dystrophies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain Measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Adjustment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain acceptance has been shown to be related to positive adjustment to chronic pain in patients presenting with pain as a primary problem. However, the role of pain acceptance in adjustment to chronic pain secondary to a neurological disorder that is often associated with physical disability has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine whether two domains of chronic pain acceptance--activity engagement and pain willingness--predict adjustment to pain, controlling for pain intensity and key demographic and clinical variables in individuals with muscular dystrophy (MD), multiple sclerosis (MS), post-polio syndrome (PPS), or spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHOD: Participants were 508 community-dwelling adults with a diagnosis of MD, MS, PPS, or SCI who also endorsed a chronic pain problem. Participants completed self-report measures of pain acceptance, quality of life, pain interference, pain intensity, depression, and social role satisfaction.

RESULTS: Hierarchical linear regressions indicated that activity engagement predicted lower pain interference and depression, and greater quality of life and social role satisfaction. Pain willingness predicted less pain interference and depression. Together, the two pain acceptance subscales accounted for more variance in outcomes than did self-reported pain intensity.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings correspond with the broader pain acceptance literature, although activity engagement appears to be a more robust predictor of adjustment than does pain willingness. This research supports the need for future studies to determine the extent to which treatments that increase acceptance result in positive outcomes in persons with chronic pain secondary to neurological disorders.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23437995?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, Kevin N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sullivan-Singh, Sarah J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borson, Soo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Amanda E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The association of age, pain, and fatigue with physical functioning and depressive symptoms in persons with spinal cord injury.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Spinal Cord Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Spinal Cord Med</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor Activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive Value of Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Residence Characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">483-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship of pain and fatigue with physical and psychological functioning in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING: Community-based survey.

PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of individuals with SCI.

INTERVENTION: Not applicable.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical functioning (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Functioning item bank items), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)), pain severity (0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)), and fatigue (0-10 NRS).

RESULTS: Pain and fatigue were independently associated with depression, but only pain was associated with physical functioning. Additionally, depression was more severe among middle-aged participants relative to younger or older participants. Physical functioning declined with increasing age, as well as with higher level of injury.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the need for continued development of effective treatments for both pain and fatigue in order to prevent and mitigate the negative effects these symptoms can have on functioning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23941796?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baylor, Carolyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yorkston, Kathryn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eadie, Tanya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jiseon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung, Hyewon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB): item bank calibration and development of a disorder-generic short form.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Speech Lang Hear Res</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dysarthria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Head and Neck Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parkinson Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproducibility of Results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Report</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voice Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1190-208</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to calibrate the items for the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB; Baylor, Yorkston, Eadie, Miller, &amp;amp; Amtmann, 2009; Yorkston et al., 2008) using item response theory (IRT). One overriding objective was to examine whether the IRT item parameters would be consistent across different diagnostic groups, thereby allowing creation of a disorder-generic instrument. The intended outcomes were the final item bank and a short form ready for clinical and research applications. METHOD: Self-report data were collected from 701 individuals representing 4 diagnoses: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson&amp;#39;s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and head and neck cancer. Participants completed the CPIB and additional self-report questionnaires. CPIB data were analyzed using the IRT graded response model. RESULTS: The initial set of 94 candidate CPIB items were reduced to an item bank of 46 items demonstrating unidimensionality, local independence, good item fit, and good measurement precision. Differential item functioning analyses detected no meaningful differences across diagnostic groups. A 10-item, disorder-generic short form was generated. CONCLUSIONS: The CPIB provides speech-language pathologists with a unidimensional, self-report outcomes measurement instrument dedicated to the construct of communicative participation. This instrument may be useful to clinicians and researchers wanting to implement measures of communicative participation in their work.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victorson, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manly, Jennifer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallner-Allen, Kathleen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, Nathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purnell, Christy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hendrie, Hugh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havlik, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harniss, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magasi, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gershon, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using the NIH Toolbox in special populations: considerations for assessment of pediatric, geriatric, culturally diverse, non-English-speaking, and disabled individuals.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural Diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Institutes of Health (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Mar 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S13-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: In order to develop health outcomes measures that are relevant and applicable to the general population, it is essential to consider the needs and requirements of special subgroups, such as the young, elderly, disabled, and people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, within that population. METHODS: The NIH Toolbox project convened several working groups to address assessment issues for the following subgroups: pediatric, geriatric, cultural, non-English-speaking, and disabled. Each group reviewed all NIH Toolbox instruments in their entirety. RESULTS: Each working group provided recommendations to the scientific study teams regarding instrument content, presentation, and administration. When feasible and appropriate, instruments and administration procedures have been modified in accordance with these recommendations. CONCLUSION: Health outcome measurement can benefit from expert input regarding assessment considerations for special subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11 Suppl 3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Karon F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Kurt L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callahan, Leigh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jiseon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keefe, Francis J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revicki, Dennis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roddey, Toni S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of pain behaviors in multiple sclerosis, back pain, and arthritis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of life research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298117</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Aims: To compare pain behaviors in three samples: multiple sclerosis (MS), back pain, and arthritis using pain behavior frequency counts (video-taped), and self- and signiﬁcant other (SO)-responses to candidate items for a new pain behavior measure. Methods: A sample of patient/SO pairs (N=620 pairs) completed measures of pain, function, disability, and other pain correlates. In addition, a sample of 30 individuals with back pain, 26 with arthritis, and 30 with MS were videotaped for 10 minutes while sitting, standing, walking, and lying down. Videotapes were coded to obtain pain behavior frequency counts by category (guarding, sighing, bracing, rubbing, and grimacing) and total behavior counts. Results: Mean item responses (1 to 5 response scale) in MS, arthritis, and back pain were, respectively, 2.7 (SD=0.56), 2.7 (SD=0.71), and 3.0 (SD=0.69) Spearman correlation coefﬁcients between patient and SO pain responses were 0.55 (MS), 0.60 (arthritis), and 0.67 (back pain). Mean item score differences between self and SO item scores (1-5 response scale) were highest for persons with arthritis (0.08 higher) and lowest for persons with MS (0.02 higher). Self-reported pain behaviors and pain behavior frequency counts (videotapes) were moderately correlated and varied by item. Items with highest correlations were items about using a cane or other support (0.62), asking for help when walking (0.53), and the item, &amp;ldquo;You could hear it in my voice&amp;rdquo; (0.50). Classes of behaviors most correlated with self-report pain behaviors varied by diagnosis. In the back pain sample, guarding behavior counts had the strongest correlation with self-report (0.50). In the arthritis sample, the highest correlations were between self-reported pain behaviors and guarding (0.47) and total behavior counts (0.53). In the sample with MS, the highest values were for counts of rubbing (0.49) and total behavior counts (0.64). Conclusions: Pain behaviors vary somewhat by diagnosis but there also are substantial similarities. Signiﬁcant others reported higher levels of pain behaviors than were self-reported, but mean differences were less than 1 response category on a 1-5 response scale. The correlations among self-report, SO-report, and frequency counts based on videotaped observations support the validity of candidate items for a new pain behavior measure.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suppl 1</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22298117</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroll, Thilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kratz, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kehn, Matthew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groah, Suzanne L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ljungberg, Inger H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perceived exercise self-efficacy as a predictor of exercise behavior in individuals aging with spinal cord injury.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Phys Med Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exercise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Longitudinal Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Exertion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resistance Training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wheelchairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">640-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesized association between exercise self-efficacy and exercise behavior, controlling for demographic variables and clinical characteristics, in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injuries. DESIGN: A cross-sectional national survey of 612 community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury in the United States ranging from 18 to 89 yrs of age was conducted. Sample consisted of 63.1% men with a mean (SD) duration of 15.8 (12.79) yrs postinjury; 86.3% reported using a wheelchair. RESULTS: Self-efficacy was the only independent variable that consistently predicted all four exercise outcomes. Self-efficacy beliefs were significantly related to frequency and intensity of resistance training (R(2) change = 0.08 and 0.03, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for all) and aerobic training (R(2) change = 0.07 and 0.05, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for all), thus explaining between 3% and 8% of the variance. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that controlling for other demographic and physical capability variables, the age-related variables made statistically significant contributions and explained between 1% and 3% of the variance in aerobic exercise frequency and intensity (R(2) change = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for all). Clinical functional characteristics but not demographic variables explained participation in resistance exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy beliefs play an important role as predictors of exercise. Variations in exercise intensity along the age continuum have implications for exercise prescription and composition. Future research should replicate findings with objective activity measures.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22660368?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groah, Suzanne L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charlifue, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tate, Denise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forchheimer, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krause, James S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lammertse, Daniel P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Margaret L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal cord injury and aging: challenges and recommendations for future research.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Phys Med Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomedical Research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuity of Patient Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forecasting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Injury Severity Score</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-Term Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quadriplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80-93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Population aging, caused by reductions in fertility and increasing longevity, varies by country and is anticipated to continue and to reach global proportions during the 21st century. Although the effects of population aging have been well documented for decades, the impact of aging on people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has not received similar attention. It is reasonable to expect that population aging features such as the increasing mean age of the population, share of the population in the oldest age groups, and life expectancy would be reflected in SCI population demographics. Although the mean age and share of the SCI population older than 65 yrs are increasing, data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center suggest that life expectancy increases in the SCI population have not kept the same pace as those without SCI in the last 15 yrs. The reasons for this disparity are likely multifactorial and include the changing demographics of the SCI population with more older people being injured; susceptibility of people with SCI to numerous medical conditions that impart a health hazard; risky behaviors leading to a disproportionate percentage of deaths as a result of preventable causes, including septicemia; changes in the delivery of health services during the first year after injury when the greatest resources are available; and other unknown factors. The purposes of this paper are (1) to define and differentiate general population aging and aging in people with SCI, (2) to briefly present the state of the science on health conditions in those aging with SCI, and finally, (3) to present recommendations for future research in the area of aging with SCI.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681060?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matsuda, Patricia Noritake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shumway-Cook, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciol, Marcia A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kartin, Deborah A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding falls in multiple sclerosis: association of mobility status, concerns about falling, and accumulated impairments.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical therapy</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Ther</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accidental Falls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accidents, Home</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Square Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fear</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mobility Limitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Help Devices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">407-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Falls in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are a serious health concern, and the percentage of people who restrict their activity because of concerns about falling (CAF) is not known. Mobility function and accumulated impairments are associated with fall risk in older adults but not in people with stroke and have not been studied in people with MS. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate the percentage of people who have MS and report falling, CAF, and activity restrictions related to CAF; (2) to examine associations of these factors with fall status; and (3) to explore associations of fall status with mobility function and number of accumulated impairments. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS: A total of 575 community-dwelling people with MS provided information about sociodemographics, falls, CAF, activity restrictions related to CAF, mobility function, and accumulated impairments. Chi-square statistics were used to explore associations among these factors. RESULTS: In all participants, about 62% reported CAF and about 67% reported activity restrictions related to CAF. In participants who did not experience falls, 25.9% reported CAF and 27.7% reported activity restrictions related to CAF. Mobility function was associated with fall status; participants reporting moderate mobility restrictions reported the highest percentage of falls, and participants who were nonwalkers (ie, had severely limited self-mobility) reported the lowest percentage. Falls were associated with accumulated impairments; the participants who reported the highest percentage of 2 or more falls were those with 10 impairments. LIMITATIONS: This cross-sectional study relied on self-reported falls, mobility, and impairment status, which were not objectively verified. CONCLUSIONS: Both CAF and activity restrictions related to CAF were common in people with MS and were reported by people who experienced falls and those who did not. The association of fall status with mobility function did not appear to be linear. Fall risk increased with declining mobility function; however, at a certain threshold, further declines in mobility function were associated with fewer falls, possibly because of reduced fall risk exposure.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135709?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Karon F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choi, Seung W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroenke, Kurt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fann, Jesse R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do somatic and cognitive symptoms of traumatic brain injury confound depression screening?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depressive Disorder, Major</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">818-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether items of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) function differently in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) than in persons from a primary care sample. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective analysis of responses to the PHQ-9 collected in 2 previous studies. Responses to the PHQ-9 were modeled using item response theory, and the presence of DIF was evaluated using ordinal logistic regression. SETTING: Eight primary care sites and a single trauma center in Washington state. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=3365) were persons from 8 primary care sites (n=3000) and a consecutive sample of persons with complicated mild to severe TBI from a trauma center who were 1 year postinjury (n=365). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: PHQ-9. RESULTS: No PHQ-9 item demonstrated statistically significant or meaningful DIF attributable to TBI. A sensitivity analysis failed to show that the cumulative effects of nonsignificant DIF resulted in a systematic inflation of PHQ-9 total scores. Therefore, the results also do not support the hypothesis that cumulative DIF for PHQ-9 items spuriously inflates the numbers of persons with TBI screened as potentially having major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The PHQ-9 is a valid screener of major depressive disorder in people with complicated mild to severe TBI, and all symptoms can be counted toward the diagnosis of major depressive disorder without special concern about overdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21530731?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Karon F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue and aging with a disability.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscular Dystrophies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Report</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1126-33</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To compare self-reported fatigue in 4 disability populations with age-matched, U.S. population norms. We assessed fatigue and age in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), postpolio syndrome (PPS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and muscular dystrophy (MD). DESIGN: This study used survey responses and published age cohort means for fatigue to test the hypothesis that fatigue would be higher in each of 4 clinical samples than the U.S. population norm. We also hypothesized that, for clinical samples, the mean fatigue reported within age cohorts would be higher than the general U.S. population norms for those age ranges derived in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). SETTING: Survey responses were collected from participants in the Washington state area. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=1836) were persons with MD (n=337), MS (n=580), Post-polio (n=441), and SCI (n=478). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: PROMIS Depression Short Form. RESULTS: Individuals with disabilities reported higher levels of fatigue than the normative PROMIS population. In the normative population, self-reported fatigue was substantially lower in age cohorts from middle age to retirement age. However, individuals with disabilities did not demonstrate this age cohort effect. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with disabilities are not only at greater risk to experience fatigue, but this risk, relative to normative values, increases with age. More research is needed to determine the specific negative impact of fatigue symptoms on functioning in individuals with disabilities as they age.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21704793?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, Kevin N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Amanda E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verrall, Aimee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goetz, Mark C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain and fatigue in persons with postpolio syndrome: independent effects on functioning.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatigue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1796-801</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVES: To better understand the importance of pain and fatigue in relation to functioning, and to investigate the role that age plays in these relationships in individuals with postpolio syndrome (PPS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Community-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 446 individuals with PPS. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical functioning (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Functioning item bank items), psychological functioning (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), pain intensity (0-10 numerical rating scale [NRS]), and fatigue (0-10 NRS). RESULTS: Pain and fatigue make independent contributions to the prediction of physical and psychological functioning. Depression was more severe in the middle-aged (&amp;le;64y) group than in the young-old (65-74y) or middle-old to oldest (&amp;ge;75y) groups, although the associations between pain and fatigue and both physical and psychological functioning are similar across all age cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Complaints of pain or fatigue in patients with PPS who are older or elderly should not be attributed &amp;quot;merely&amp;quot; to the process of aging. The findings also support the need for clinical trials to develop and evaluate interventions that may help patients with PPS function better by treating pain and fatigue, as well as the negative effects that these symptoms can have on functioning.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22032213?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging and disability: biopsychosocial perspectives.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatric Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interpersonal Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mobility Limitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musculoskeletal Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253-65</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Understanding the complex trajectories of disability and aging requires a biopsychosocial approach that considers disability in the broader context of later adulthood. Although disability service researchers and gerontologists have many shared interests and a similar mission, the fields are relatively new to one another and have had little historical interaction. The purpose of this article is to increase and improve collaboration among investigators in these fields by providing some background in social gerontology to the disability researcher, and by applying key theories in aging to the issue of growing older with physical disability. The article discusses particular problem areas for older adults, including social support, and also discusses the parallel paradoxes of aging and disability.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494275?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Kurt L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, Pat A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knaster, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging with disability in the workplace.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employment, Supported</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscular Dystrophies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabilitation, Vocational</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workplace</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267-79</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Aging with disabilities, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, and postpolio syndrome, can lead to barriers to participation, including employment barriers. Many individuals develop strategies for overcoming these barriers that may become less successful as they experience more secondary conditions concomitant with the aging process. Rehabilitation professionals can help to overcome barriers to workplace participation and should work with clients to enhance employment outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494276?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carter, Gregory T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiss, Michael D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chamberlain, Joel R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Han, Jay J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abresch, Richard T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miró, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging with muscular dystrophy: pathophysiology and clinical management.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Physiological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combined Modality Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscular Dystrophies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prognosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severity of Illness Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sickness Impact Profile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">429-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Major advances in the fields of medical science and physiology, molecular genetics, biomedical engineering, and computer science have provided individuals with muscular dystrophy (MD) with more functional equipment, allowing better strategies for improvement of quality of life. These advances have also allowed a significant number of these patients to live much longer. As progress continues to change management, it also changes patients&amp;#39; expectations. A comprehensive medical and rehabilitative approach to management of aging MD patients can often fulfill expectations and help them enjoy an enhanced quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494287?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borson, Soo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition, aging, and disabilities: conceptual issues.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Executive Function</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatric Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sickness Impact Profile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Task Performance and Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This article reviews normative changes in cognition that are observed across the adult life span and considers how specific disabilities may interact with aging processes to increase functional decline in later life. Disabling conditions that directly affect the brain are contrasted with those that do not. The goal is twofold: to create a framework for thinking about how cognitive changes, aging, and disability may interact to help explain individual differences in coping, and to promote the inclusion of cognition in a comprehensive approach to assessment and care.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494283?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yorkston, Kathryn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bourgeois, Michelle S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baylor, Carolyn R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication and aging.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication Barriers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dysarthria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatric Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interpersonal Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Memory Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional-Patient Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensation Disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-19</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;People with communication disorders form a diverse group with some experiencing long-standing disorders and others the onset of new disorders in old age. Regardless of age at onset, the burden of communication disorders is cumulative and has important implications for health care providers. Communication serves many roles for older people, not only establishing and maintaining social affiliations but also providing access to health care services. Health care providers should be aware of potential communication disorders and make provision for quiet environments, reading materials at appropriate literacy levels, and longer appointments for people with communication difficulties.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494279?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connell, Frederick A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dudgeon, Brian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Kurt L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequency of purchase and associated costs of assistive technology for Washington State Medicaid program enrollees with spina bifida by age.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability and Health Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabil Health J</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication Aids for Disabled</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Costs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insurance, Health, Reimbursement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicaid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orthotic Devices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Dysraphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wheelchairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Assistive technology (AT) is one strategy to mitigate or eliminate barriers to independence for individuals with disabilities, including those with spina bifida (SB). However, little is known about current use and costs of AT for people with SB, including the cost burden to medical insurance payees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of AT purchases and their associated costs for individuals with SB covered by the Washington State Medicaid program. Additionally, we sought to compare Medicaid reimbursement for AT to the overall Medicaid reimbursement for all medical care for these individuals. METHODS: Data included all electronic claims and eligibility records of persons covered by the Medicaid program over a 4-year period (2001-2004) who had at least one service with a coded diagnosis of SB. Procedure codes were reviewed and grouped into the following AT categories: manual wheelchairs, powered wheelchairs, wheelchair cushions and seats, wheelchair accessories and repairs, wheelchair rental, ambulatory aids, orthotic and prosthetic devices, positioning aids, bathroom equipment, beds and bed accessories, and communication and hearing aids. Age group analyses were conducted after dividing patients into 3 age groups (0-15, 16-25, and 26+). Further subgroup analyses were done for individuals with dual or capitated medical coverage compared with those who had fee-for-service Medicaid-only coverage. RESULTS: A total of 984 individuals with at least one diagnosis of SB during the 4-year study period were identified. On average, approximately one third of individuals made claims for some type of AT per year; the majority of these AT claims (87%) were for mobility-related AT. Average annual Medicaid cost of AT was $494 per enrollee and AT accounted for 3.3% of all Medicaid costs for these individuals. AT-related costs were highest for those aged 0-15 years and lowest for those aged 16-25 years. Persons with only fee-for-service Medicaid coverage had more than twice the annualized Medicaid AT-related expenditures compared to those with additional coverage or who were covered under a Medicaid capitation plan. CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid reimbursement for AT, as classified in this study, is a relatively low percentage of overall medical costs for individuals with SB. Because of the small percentage of non-mobility-related AT paid for in this study, we believe there may be a substantial unmet need for AT in this population and/or that individuals with SB may have significant AT-related out-of-pocket expenses. Given its large potential impact and relatively low cost burden to Medicaid, AT is a &amp;quot;good buy&amp;quot; and coverage for AT should be expanded.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122780?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yorkston, Kathryn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMullen, Kara A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathways of change experienced by people aging with disability: a focus group study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability and Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabil Rehabil</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focus Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1697-704</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;PURPOSE: To examine the issues related to aging with disability from the perspective of the person with the disabilities. METHOD: Twelve community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury (SCI), post-polio syndrome (PPS) or multiple sclerosis (MS) participated in focus groups where they were asked open-ended questions about changes related to aging with disability, accommodations made and perspectives on the future. RESULTS: Results of qualitative analysis suggested five major themes related to aging with a disability: (1) Participant identity, including comments about how participants described themselves and their lives with a long-standing disability; (2) Physical pathways including comments about the progression of physical symptoms; (3) Psychosocial pathways, including descriptions of adaptations to disability, the development of emotional well-being and strategies to deal with disability; (4) Changing health care, reflecting improvement noted over time in health care services; and (5) Concerns about the future, including comments reflecting participant uncertainty about the potential course of disability. CONCLUSIONS: The process of aging with disability was characterised by multiple pathways. Some, including positive psychosocial adjustment and medical advancements, were favourable, while others, including physical decline, were not. The co-existence of high quality of life in the presence of physical decline is consistent with a larger literature in older adults, and future research should focus on identifying aging factors that may contribute to the buffering the psychological impact of physical decline.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20225933?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motl, Robert W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McAuley, Edward</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical activity, disability, and quality of life in older adults.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude to Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exercise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatric Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mobility Limitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor Activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Fitness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sickness Impact Profile</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">299-308</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This article provides an overview of physical activity and its association with function, disability, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes among older adults. The rationale and the associated onset of chronic disease conditions that influence function, disability, and QOL is embedded in the &amp;quot;Graying of America&amp;quot;. The literature reviewed in this article yielded 3 general conclusions: (1) there is an alarming rate of physical inactivity among older adults, particularly those aging with a disability; (2) there is strong evidence for the beneficial effects of physical activity on impairment, function, and health-related aspects of QOL among older adults, but there is less conclusive evidence for positive effects of physical activity on disability and global QOL; and (3) there is emerging support for self-efficacy as a mediator of the association between physical activity and disability, and QOL outcomes in older adults. Researchers should consider designing and testing programs that incorporate strategies for enhancing self-efficacy along with the promotion of physical activity as a means of preventing disablement and improving QOL among older adults. Such work will go a long way in identifying practical approaches that can be applied for improving the later years of life and is critical because many Americans will soon be affected by the aging of adults in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494278?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preface: aging with a physical disability.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forecasting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North America</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Periodicals as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Therapy Modalities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Health Care</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xv-xvi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494274?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehde, Dawn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoelb, Brenda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship of age-related factors to psychological functioning among people with disabilities.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depressive Disorder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geriatric Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interpersonal Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sickness Impact Profile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The potential influence of age and aging on the psychological functioning of people with disabilities is surprisingly complex. In people with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, depression is highly prevalent. The limited research in this area indicates that older age and greater time span since disability onset may be associated with less self-reported depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and benefit finding (BF) are also common in people with disabilities. Older age tends to be associated with less BF and PTG. Studies that use longitudinal designs and examine multiple age-related factors simultaneously are needed. Potential mediators of age-related effects, such as historical trends, life-cycle events, maturity, and declining health, also need to be examined. There are many interesting theoretic and empiric concepts from aging research that can inform future research on the psychological aspects of aging with disability.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494277?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsh, Adam T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sleep problems in individuals with spinal cord injury: frequency and age effects.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabilitation Psychology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabil Psychol</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age of Onset</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severity of Illness Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sleep Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVES: The two objectives of this study were (a) to replicate the previous finding of more severe sleep difficulties in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with normative samples, and (b) to examine the associations between aging variables (specifically, chronological age, duration of SCI, age at SCI onset) and the severity of sleep difficulties. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. RESEARCH METHOD: A survey was administered to 620 individuals with SCI that included measures of demographic characteristics and sleep difficulties. RESULTS: The findings indicated that sleep problems are more common in individuals with SCI than in normative samples. In addition, younger participants in our sample reported more sleep problems than did older participants. Duration of SCI and age at onset, however, were not significantly associated with sleep difficulties. CONCLUSION: The analyses used in this study provide a model for examining age effects using concurrent survey data that may be useful for other investigators interested in studying the associations between age-related variables and important health-related domains.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19702431?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>