<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrill, Alexandra L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Müller, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ipsen, Catherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravesloot, Craig</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Association Between Age, Distress, and Orientations to Happiness in Individuals With Disabilities.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabil Psychol</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-35</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Purpose/Objective: To determine how age and distress are associated in individuals with disabilities, and how happiness and its components (meaning, pleasure, and engagement) mediate or moderate this relationship. Research Method/Design: These were cross-sectional analyses of survey data from 508 community-dwelling adults with a variety of self-reported health conditions and functional disabilities. Measures included the Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire and items from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Greater distress was associated with lower global happiness in both mediation and moderation models. The mediation model showed that middle-aged participants (age: 45-64) scored lowest in global happiness, and the effect of age on distress was partially mediated by happiness. None of the happiness components mediated the relationship of age on distress. The moderation model showed a significant interaction effect for age and global happiness on distress, where younger participants low on happiness were significantly more distressed. Of the three happiness components, only meaning was significantly associated with distress. There was a significant interaction between age and meaning, where participants who were younger and scored low on the meaning scale reported significantly higher distress. Conclusions/Implications: Findings from this study lay groundwork for the development of clinical interventions to address distress in individuals with functional disabilities. Middle-aged and younger people with disabilities may be particularly affected by lower levels of happiness and might benefit from psychological interventions that focus on increasing overall well-being and providing meaning and purpose in life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Müller, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrill, Alexandra L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravesloot, Craig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ipsen, Catherine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Happiness, Pain Intensity, Pain Interference, and Distress in Individuals with Physical Disabilities.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Mar 24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine how the construct of happiness is related to pain intensity, pain interference, and distress in individuals with physical disabilities. DESIGN: This study involves cross-sectional analyses of 471 individuals with a variety of health conditions reporting at least mild pain. RESULTS: The first hypothesis that happiness mediates the relationship between pain intensity and two outcomes, pain interference and distress, was not supported. The second hypothesis was supported by a good fitting model (&amp;chi;10 = 12.83, P = 0.23, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.025) and indicated that pain intensity significantly mediated the effect of happiness on pain interference (indirect effect: &amp;beta; = -0.13, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and on distress (indirect effect: &amp;beta; = 0.10, P = 0.01). Happiness showed a significant direct effect on pain intensity (&amp;beta; = -0.20, P &amp;lt; 0.001). A third model exploring the happiness components meaning, pleasure, and engagement fitted well (&amp;chi;4 = 9.65, P = 0.05, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.055). Pain intensity acted as a significant mediator but only mediated the effect of meaning on pain interference (indirect effect: &amp;beta; = -0.07, P = 0.05) and on distress (indirect effect via pain interference: &amp;beta; = -0.04, P = 0.05). Only meaning (&amp;beta; = -0.10, P = 0.05), but neither pleasure nor engagement, had a significant direct effect on pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who reported greater happiness reported lower pain interference and distress through happiness&amp;#39; effects on pain intensity. Experiencing meaning and purpose in life seems to be most closely (and negatively) associated with pain intensity, pain interference, and distress. Findings from this study can lay the groundwork for intervention studies to better understand how to more effectively decrease pain intensity, pain interference, and distress.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stobbe, G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hertz, D.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wundes, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unruh, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalb, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beier, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, K.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MS ECHO: Innovative Project to Improve the Capacity of Providers  in Underserved Areas to Treat MS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodakowski, Juleen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skidmore, Elizabeth R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Stewart J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begley, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhule, Olive D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boninger, Michael L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Additive effect of age on disability for individuals with spinal cord injuries.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age of Onset</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Persons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow-Up Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Injury Severity Score</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Length of Stay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quadriplegia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord Injuries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1076-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To examine the additive effect of age on disability for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: SCI Model Systems. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with SCI (median age at injury, 32 y; range, 6-88 y) with a discharge motor FIM score and at least 1 follow-up motor FIM score who also provided measures of other covariates (N=1660). Of the total sample, 79% were men, 72% were white, 16% had incomplete paraplegia, 33% had complete paraplegia, 30% had incomplete tetraplegia, and 21% had complete tetraplegia. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary study outcome was the motor subscale of the FIM. A mixed-models approach was used to examine the additive effect of age on disability for individuals with SCI. RESULTS: When controlling for motor FIM at discharge from rehabilitation, level and severity of injury, age at injury, sex, race, and the age &amp;times; time interaction were not significant (P=.07). Age at the time of SCI was significantly associated with motor FIM (F1,238=22.49, P&amp;lt;.001). Two sensitivity analyses found significant interactions for both age &amp;times; time (P=.03, P=.02) and age &amp;times; time-square (P=.01, P=.006) models. Trajectory of motor FIM scores is moderated slightly by age at the time of injury. The older participants were at the time of injury, the greater the curvature and the more rapid decline were found in later years. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that age moderately influences disability for some individuals with SCI: the older the age at the time of injury, the greater the influence age has on disability. The findings serve as an important empirical foundation for the evaluation and development of interventions designed to augment accelerated aging experienced by individuals with SCI.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, Kevin N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibbons, Laura E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenberg, Dori E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehde, Dawn M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verrall, Aimee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body mass index and waist circumference in persons aging with muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, post-polio syndrome, and spinal cord injury.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability and Health Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabil Health J</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-84</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are well-understood in the general population, but are not adequately understood among persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare BMI and WC among individuals with muscular dystrophy (MD), multiple sclerosis (MS), post-polio syndrome (PPS), and spinal cord injury (SCI). BMI scores were also compared to normative data of the U.S. population, with consideration for age, sex, and mobility limitations. METHODS: Persons with MD (n = 339), MS (n = 597), PPS (n = 443), and SCI (n = 488) completed postal surveys that included self-reported BMI and WC data. NHANES data were used to compare the current sample with a representative US sample. RESULTS: Participants with PPS had higher BMI than participants with MD, MS, and SCI. In addition, participants with MS had significantly higher BMI relative to participants with SCI. BMI was significantly positively associated with age, years since diagnosis, mobility, and interactions of some of these factors. Relative to the general population, BMI was lower in MD, MS, and SCI across age groups, as well as in men with PPS and women ages 60-74 years with PPS. No significant differences were identified between MD, MS, PPS, and SCI in WC. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of group differences in BMI and absence of group differences in WC suggests that BMI may not accurately represent health risk in SCI, MD, and possibly MS, because of biasing elements of the conditions, such as changes in body composition and mobility limitations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22726858?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Karon F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamer, Alyssa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Kurt L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callahan, Leigh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jiseon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keefe, Francis J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revicki, Dennis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roddey, Toni S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of pain behaviors in multiple sclerosis, back pain, and arthritis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of life research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298117</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Aims: To compare pain behaviors in three samples: multiple sclerosis (MS), back pain, and arthritis using pain behavior frequency counts (video-taped), and self- and signiﬁcant other (SO)-responses to candidate items for a new pain behavior measure. Methods: A sample of patient/SO pairs (N=620 pairs) completed measures of pain, function, disability, and other pain correlates. In addition, a sample of 30 individuals with back pain, 26 with arthritis, and 30 with MS were videotaped for 10 minutes while sitting, standing, walking, and lying down. Videotapes were coded to obtain pain behavior frequency counts by category (guarding, sighing, bracing, rubbing, and grimacing) and total behavior counts. Results: Mean item responses (1 to 5 response scale) in MS, arthritis, and back pain were, respectively, 2.7 (SD=0.56), 2.7 (SD=0.71), and 3.0 (SD=0.69) Spearman correlation coefﬁcients between patient and SO pain responses were 0.55 (MS), 0.60 (arthritis), and 0.67 (back pain). Mean item score differences between self and SO item scores (1-5 response scale) were highest for persons with arthritis (0.08 higher) and lowest for persons with MS (0.02 higher). Self-reported pain behaviors and pain behavior frequency counts (videotapes) were moderately correlated and varied by item. Items with highest correlations were items about using a cane or other support (0.62), asking for help when walking (0.53), and the item, &amp;ldquo;You could hear it in my voice&amp;rdquo; (0.50). Classes of behaviors most correlated with self-report pain behaviors varied by diagnosis. In the back pain sample, guarding behavior counts had the strongest correlation with self-report (0.50). In the arthritis sample, the highest correlations were between self-reported pain behaviors and guarding (0.47) and total behavior counts (0.53). In the sample with MS, the highest values were for counts of rubbing (0.49) and total behavior counts (0.64). Conclusions: Pain behaviors vary somewhat by diagnosis but there also are substantial similarities. Signiﬁcant others reported higher levels of pain behaviors than were self-reported, but mean differences were less than 1 response category on a 1-5 response scale. The correlations among self-report, SO-report, and frequency counts based on videotaped observations support the validity of candidate items for a new pain behavior measure.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suppl 1</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22298117</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenberg, Dori E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motl, Robert W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artherholt, Samantha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verrall, Aimee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depression and physical activity among adults with multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury, and post-polio syndrome</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.posters2view.com/ectrims2012/view.php?nu=969</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lyon, France</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Wen-Hung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revicki, Dennis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amtmann, Dagmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keefe, Francis J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cella, David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development and Analysis of PROMIS Pain Intensity Scale.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of life research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/content/5h88546t283p1347/fulltext.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Aims: The primary objective of this study is to develop a PROMIS Pain Intensity Scale by evaluating the unidimensionality and completing item calibration of the pain intensity items developed in the PROMIS Wave I study. This document provides a summary of the item selection process based on the results of the conﬁrmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) analysis. Methods: The PROMIS project is focused on developing item banks and assessment instruments for pain and other patient-reported outcome domains. The draft PROMIS pain related items were developed based on literature reviews, clinician interviews, and qualitative research with patients with pain. In addition to the three item banks related to pain (pain interference, pain quality, and pain behavior), six items were identiﬁed as pain intensity items. The data used in this study included: 1) PROMIS Wave I sample where internet survey data were collected from 838 participants who responded to all six pain intensity items and 5,059 participants who responded to at least one pain intensity item; 2) American Chronic Pain Association (ACPA) sample where 967 participants completed subset of the pain intensity items; and 3) Northwestern University sample where 532 participants completed another subset of the pain intensity items. Participants reporting no pain were excluded from the analysis. We evaluated inter-item correlations, conﬁrmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory analysis, and correlations with other PROMIS global items of these six pain intensity items. Results: Inter-item correlation ranges from 0.33 to 0.93. CFA shows good ﬁt of the six items to a unidimensional model: comparative ﬁx index (CFI)=0.989, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.986, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.093. Based on results of IRT analysis results three items are removed owing to local dependency and model misﬁt. The IRT slope parameters of the three remaining items were 1.84, 3.15, and 4.42. The category threshold parameters ranged from -2.30 to 3.23. Correlation with global pain item is 0.68, and 0.61 with PROMIS global physical health score. Conclusions: The PROMIS pain intensity scale provides a measure of characteristic pain that could be useful in clinical and research settings.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suppl 1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gertz, Kevin J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenberg, Dori E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical activity and depression in middle and older-aged adults with multiple sclerosis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disability and Health Journal</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabil Health J</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">269-76</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Depression is common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and research shows that individuals, including individuals with MS, who are more physically active report lower rates of depression. However, little is known about the relative importance of level of physical activity (e.g., moderate versus vigorous) in relationship to depression, or the role that age might play in this relationship among people with MS. The current study sought to (1) clarify the associations between moderate and vigorous physical activity and depression in a sample of individuals with MS, (2) determine the associations between age and physical activity, and (3) test for the potential moderating influence of age on the associations between physical activity and depression. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: 112 individuals with MS completed a survey assessing demographic variables, amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and depression. RESULTS: There was a gradual decrease in the amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity as age increased, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Moderate physical activity was significantly (negatively) associated with depression across all age cohorts. Time spent in vigorous physical activity was significantly (negatively) associated with depression among the middle-aged but not younger or older participants who are physically active. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a link between moderate physical activity and depression and, for middle-aged individuals, vigorous physical activity and depression in persons with MS. The findings indicate that research examining the impact of activity enhancing treatments on depression in individuals with MS is warranted.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021738?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenberg, Dori E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artherholt, Samantha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motl, Robert W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-reported Depression and Physical Activity in Adults with Mobility Impairments.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Nov 16</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To test hypothesized associations between depression and physical activity among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), muscular dystrophy (MD), and post-polio syndrome (PPS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Survey responses collected from individuals in the Washington state area (participants with SCI) and across the United States (participants with MS, MD, and PPS). PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 1,676 participants were surveyed (MD=321, PPS=338, MS=556, SCI=411). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessing depressive symptoms and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) assessing physical activity. RESULTS: The average age was 56 years, 64% were women, 92% were White, 86% had a high school degree or higher, and 56% walked with an assistive device or had limited self-mobility. The IPAQ and GLTEQ explained a small but statistically significant and unique amount of the variance in PHQ-9 scores in all diagnostic groups, with no significant differences in the relationship by condition, age, or mobility status (R(2) IPAQ = .004; R(2) GLTEQ = .02; both p-values &amp;lt;.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both physical activity measures demonstrated a small but statistically significant association with depression in all four diagnostic groups. Research is needed to determine longitudinal relationships and whether physical activity interventions could promote improved mood in adults with physical disabilities.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Mark P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molton, Ivan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gertz, Kevin J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombardier, Charles H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenberg, Dori E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical activity and depression in middle and older-aged adults with multiple sclerosis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://msj.sagepub.com/content/17/10_suppl/S53.full.pdf+html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Physical activity and depression are known to be associated, and reactivation programs have demonstrated efficacy as a treatment for depression. However, little research has examined the associations between physical activity and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, the extent to which physical activity changes as a function of age, and whether or not the associations between activity and depression vary as a function of age in multiple sclerosis is not known. Knowledge regarding these associations is important for determining whether, and for whom, reactivation programs might be effective for individuals aging with MS. Methods: Individuals with MS (N=112; mean age: 52.59 years; 81.3% women) completed a survey assessing demographic variables (age, sex), self-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity, and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Analyses tested for the effect of age on physical activity, and effects of age and physical activity on depression. Results: The percentages of participants reporting that they engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity decreased across the age cohorts (e.g., percentages were 86%, 73%, and 57% for moderate activity; 50%, 37%, and 14% for vigorous activity for the young, middle aged, and older age cohorts, respectively). Minutes of moderate activity in the past week were highest among the middle age cohort (238 minutes), less in the young adult cohort (160 minutes), and least in the older cohort (95 minutes). However, minutes of vigorous physical activity decreased as a function of cohort (156, 77, and 33 minutes). Regression analyses indicated that minutes of moderate activity, but not minutes of vigorous activity, was significantly associated with lower depression scores, and that this effect did not differ as a function of age. Conclusions: The findings indicate that moderate and vigorous activity levels are lower for individuals with MS who are 65 years and older than in individuals who are younger than 65 years. Moderate activity was associated with lower levels of depression across all age cohorts. If these findings confirmed in future studies, they suggest that physical activity programs might effectively treat (or prevent) depression in persons with MS if they: (1) focus more on increasing moderate activities (as opposed to vigorous ones) and (2) be developed to address the needs of individuals with MS across the age spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10 Suppl</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, K.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hertz, D.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stobbe, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Von Geldern, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wundes, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalb, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unruh, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis Project ECHO:  Outreach to rural providers to provide innovative collaborative training using video conferencing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annual Meeting  of the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers</style></secondary-title></titles><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, K.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stobbe, G.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hertz, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alschuler, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wundes, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unruh, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalb, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Von Geldern, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, J.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple Sclerosis Project Echo:  Outreach to Rural Providers to provide Innovative Collaborative Training Using Video Conferencing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Northwest Regional Telehealth Resource Center</style></secondary-title></titles><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>